Inheritance and dunder methods

class Dog(Animal): makes Dog a kind of Animal: it inherits every method and can override the ones that should behave differently. Inside an override, super().__init__(name) runs the parent's version so the shared setup still happens. isinstance(rex, Animal) is true for a Dog.

Methods with double underscores are hooks Python calls for you. __str__ decides what str(obj) and print(obj) show; __repr__ is the developer-facing version shown in lists and the console; __eq__ defines ==; __len__ makes len() work. Defining __str__ is the first one most classes need.

class Shape:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def __str__(self):
        return f"a {self.name}"

class Circle(Shape):
    def __init__(self, r):
        super().__init__("circle")
        self.r = r

print(Circle(2))   # a circle

Your task

Write class Animal created with a name, whose speak() returns "..." and whose __str__ returns "<Class name> named <name>", for example "Animal named Rex". Then write class Dog(Animal) whose speak() returns "Woof" and which prints as "Dog named Rex" without redefining __str__ (use the class name from type(self).__name__).

class Animal:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def speak(self):
        return "..."

    def __str__(self):
        return f"{type(self).__name__} named {self.name}"


class Dog(Animal):
    def speak(self):
        return "Woof"