HomeFormats › PDF

PDF files: what they are and how to merge, split, compress, and convert them

PDF is the universal document format: it fixes layout, fonts, and images so a file looks identical on every device, which is why forms, scans, invoices, and anything meant for printing end up as PDF.

What is a PDF file?

PDF, the Portable Document Format, was created by Adobe in 1993 so a document would look the same on any screen and printer. It embeds fonts, images, and vector drawings with a fixed layout, which is why contracts, invoices, forms, scans, and anything meant to be printed end up as PDF. It is an open ISO standard, and every operating system and browser can display it.

Common PDF tasks

Merging combines several PDFs into one, for example pages scanned separately. Splitting extracts pages or breaks a document into single pages. Compressing shrinks the file, almost always by recompressing the photos inside it. Converting pages to JPG or PNG makes them usable as images, and converting images to PDF turns photos of documents into a proper file. All of those run entirely in your browser here, with no upload and no page limit.

Why PDFs get so large

Text and vector graphics take almost no space. Size comes from images: a phone photo pasted into a report, or a scanner saving each page as a full-resolution picture. Recompressing those images at a sensible quality keeps the text crisp and selectable while shrinking the file by 60 to 90 percent. Flattening pages to images is the last resort for scans that must be as small as possible.

Frequently asked questions

Can I edit the text of a PDF?

Not with these tools. PDF is a fixed-layout format; editing text needs the original document or a PDF editor.

Are my documents uploaded when I use these PDF tools?

No. Merging, splitting, compressing, and converting all happen on your device.

How do I reduce a PDF to under a certain size?

Use Compress PDF with the recommended method first; lower the image quality and size if needed. For scans, flatten pages at 100 DPI.

Convert or edit PDF files

Merge PDFCombine several PDF files into one in your browser, in the order you chooseSplit PDFSplit a PDF into separate pages or extract chosen page ranges, in your browserCompress PDFShrink PDF files in your browser: recompress embedded photos while keeping text selectable, or flatten scans for the smallest sizeSign PDFAdd your signature to a PDF in your browser: draw it, or type it, place it on any page, and download the signed filePDF to JPGConvert every page of a PDF into a JPG image at the resolution you choose, in your browserPDF to PNGConvert PDF pages to lossless PNG images at 72 to 300 DPI in your browserPDF to TextPull the text out of a PDF as a plain

Make PDF files

JPG to PDFConvert JPG photos into a PDF in your browser: one image per page, in order, with optional A4 or Letter pages and marginsPNG to PDFConvert PNG images into a PDF in your browser, one per page, with exact-size or A4/Letter pages